Past ???

All the past tenses are used to express activities at a definite time in the past.

The past simple describes:
1. an activity at a definite time in the past
The study of airbags was started last year.
The past continuous describes:
1. an activity which is a time frame for another activity.
While we were studying the airbags, we made a significant discovery. While our team was studying performance, another team was looking at the characteristics.
The past perfect describes:
1. An activity that happened earlier than another activity in the past.
Our studies showed how well the equipment had performed.

http://a4esl.org/q/h/lb/atonintime.html

Future tense

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The Six Verb Tenses

Tense                     Basic Form                          Progressive Form
Present                       walk                                     am walking
Past                           walked                                  was walking
Future                       will walk                                will be walking
Present perfect          have walked                           have been walking
Past perfect              had walked                             had been walking
Future perfect          will have walked                      will have been walking


Regular and Irregular Verbs

English verbs are divided into two classes: regular and irregular. These classifications come from the way the verb forms its past tense and past participles.  Regular verbs: The past tense and past participle forms are created by adding -d, -ed, or -t to the present form, but the vowel doesn’t change; for example, walk, walked, walked.  Irregular verbs: No pattern is followed when the past and past participle are formed.

Instead, there are many different forms. For example, with some irregular verbs the vowel changes and an -n or -e is added, as in begin, began, begun. With other verbs, the vowel changes and a -d or -t is added, as in lose, lost, lost.

Of all the verbs in English, lie and lay are likely the most often confused. Lay is a regular verb; lie is an irregular verb.

Lie means “to repose.” Lie conjugates as lie, lay, lain.

Lay means “to put.” Lay conjugates as lay, laid, laid.

Because lay is both the present tense of to lay and the past tense of to lie, many speakers and writers use lay when they mean lie.

• Lie is an intransitive verb. That means that it never takes a direct object.

When people are exhausted, they should lie down for a rest.

• Lay is a transitive verb. That means that lay always takes a direct object.

Lay the papers down.

The following chart lists some of the most common irregular verbs that have the same present participle, past, and past participle forms.

Present Tense                           Present Participle                  Past                     Past Participle

bid                                                       bidding                            bid                              have bid

burst                                                    bursting                           burst                            have burst

cost                                                     costing                            cost                              have cost

hit                                                        hitting                              hit                                have hit

hurt                                                      hurting                             hurt                             have hurt

kneel                                                    knelt                               knelt                            have knelt

let                                                        letting                              let                                have let

put                                                       putting                            put                               have put

set                                                       setting                             set                               have set


Tense                                Use                                                       Example
Simple past                   Completed action (indefinitetime)            We washed the car.
                                      Completed condition (indefinite               We were happy the party was over.
                                       time)
                                      Completed action (definite time)              We washed the car yesterday.
                                      Completed condition (definite                  I was delighted yesterday to receive the                            
                                      time)                                                       news.
Present perfect            Completed action (indefinite                    We have bought the gifts.
                                      time)
                                      Completed condition (indefinite                 I have been very relieved.
                                      time)
                                      Action continuing into the                          Nabila has called for two
                                      present hours.
                                      Condition continuing into the                      She has been in Oran
                                      present for a week.
Past perfect                 Action completed before                           Salah had called all his friends before
                                     another                                                     the party started.
                                     Condition completed                                  Salah had been an engineer before
                                                                                                     he became a director.
Past Progressive        Continuous completed action                    I was attending an English class that month.
                                                                                                  
Present perfect prog.  Action continuing into present                   Aicha has been exercising all week.

Past perfect prog.       Continuing action interrupted                     Rachid had been repairing the fence that
                                     by another                                                was damaged in the storm.

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